: for the distinct and exciting discoveries about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and malignant diseases. This award is given as a celebration of the power of modern molecular medicine.
: For his discovery and experimental elucidation of prions, a new class of pathogens that cause important neurodegenerative disease which makes it possible to understand the current epidemic of bovine spongioform (mad cow disease) in the U.K. and its possible transmission to humans.